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Showing posts with label Bank Negara. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Bank Negara. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 5, 2011

中国居最大市场 我国5月出口按年增5.4%

2011-07-05 18:35

(吉隆坡5日讯)马来西亚5月的出口总额比一年前增加5.4%,达到550亿9000万令吉,主要是因为较高的棕油、化学与化学产品、原树胶及加工食品的出口。

中国是最大市场,入口总值70亿1000万令吉的商品。

国际贸易与工业部部长拿督斯里慕斯达法今日透露,入口则成长了5.6%,至466亿1000万令吉。

5月的总贸易额达1017亿令吉,较一年前提升5.5%。

不过,出口和入口额都比4月份降低

5月的出口按月减少4.7%,入口滑落0.4%,而总贸易额则降2.8%

2011年5月的出口减退(与4月比较),主要是因为液化天然气和提炼石油产品的出口降低。

慕斯达法指出,与去年同时期比较,从1至5月,出口增加6.2%至2792亿5000万令吉,而入口则成长10.3%至2279亿9000万令吉。

在出口地点方面,数据显示,中国是马来西亚商品的最大市场,在2011年5月增加10.4%至70亿1000万令吉。

他说:“这主要是拜较高的棕油、电器与电子产品、原树胶和液化天然气所赐。”

日本是第2大出口市场,比一年前提高15.9%至60亿1000万令吉,主要是因为较高的原油、木材产品和电器与电子产品出口带动。

他称,受原树胶和棕油推动,至欧盟的出口扬升5.7%至56亿2000万令吉。

另一方面,至于美国的出口额则减少9.0%,主要因为电器与电子产品的出口减少。

Thursday, June 30, 2011

信用卡省钱大作战



卡能载舟;亦能覆舟,就看你怎么用。

拥有好的负债,是通向财务自由的捷径之一。
何为好于坏的负债,就要有各位细心拿捏了。

在我的字典里,好的负债就是利率比定存还要低的债务,甚至是零利率债务。
或者是可以为您到来正现金流的债务。

资本主义的精髓,就是欠钱,欠钱,欠钱 再欠钱。
欠钱的人最大,欠钱不还是天经第义,这是资本主义教我们的。
像希腊这样欠钱不还,是最高境界,希腊国债利率目前到达年利 17%,只比信用卡利率便宜一点。

所以大家应该学习,如何做个精明的欠债人。

Monthly Statistical Bulletin May 2011

ANNOUNCEMENT: New Concise Version of the Monthly Statistical Bulletin Accessible on Bank Negara Malaysia Websit

http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=109&pg=294&mth=5&yr=2011

虽然看不懂,但先做个记录

What is M3, M2, M1 Money Supply

M1, M2, M3 are all measures of money supply, that is the amount of money in circulation at a given time. Manipulating money supply is used in an attempt to control inflation, the idea being the more money in circulation leads to more money chasing fewer goods and hence prices increase to compensate and vice versa.

This ability for governments to control the amount of money in circulation allows them to stimulate demand by printing more money and reduce demand by removing money. This process is however difficult to achieve and governments often overshoot resulting in recessions and booms which form part of the economic cycle.

Often, in the financial press you hear the terms Broad money and narrow money. These are represented by M1, M2 and M3 (in US) with M1 being the narrowest measure and M3 being the broadest. In the UK there are only 2: M0 and M4. Narrow money refers to forms of money that are available immediately for use in transactions, broad those that are not immediately available.

More recently, the FED has stopped publishing information on the M3 money supply as it had been deemed no longer useful. Skeptics have argued however, that by no longer reporting the total amount of money in circulation the FED is hiding a huge amount of money creation which is being used to fund the US trade deficit. If you’re interested then you can read more about the feds manipulation of money supply here.

M1 = cash and checking account deposits
M2 = M1 + savings accounts & money market accounts
M3 = M2 +large deposits and other large, long-term deposits.

Quote from wiki:
M0: Physical currency. A measure of the money supply which combines any liquid or cash assets held within a central bank and the amount of physical currency circulating in the economy. M0 (M-zero) is the most liquid measure of the money supply. It only includes cash or assets that could quickly be converted into currency. This measure is known as narrow money because it is the smallest measure of the money supply.[6]

M1: M0 + demand deposits, which are checking accounts. This is used as a measurement for economists trying to quantify the amount of money in circulation. The M1 is a very liquid measure of the money supply, as it contains cash and assets that can quickly be converted to currency.[7]

M2: M1 + small time deposits (less than $100,000), savings deposits, and non-institutional money-market funds. M2 is a broader classification of money than M1. Economists use M2 when looking to quantify the amount of money in circulation and trying to explain different economic monetary conditions.[8] M2 is a key economic indicator used to forecast inflation.[9]

M3: M2 + all large time deposits, institutional money-market funds, short-term repurchase agreements, along with other larger liquid assets. The broadest measure of money; it is used by economists to estimate the entire supply of money within an economy.[10]
-----------
quote from Conspiracy Nation:
M1 is basically a measure of all currency in circulation and not in the vaults of the U.S. Treasury, “Federal” Reserve Banks, and the vaults of depository institutions.

M2 is a refinement of M1. It is a slightly less liquid measure, consisting of M1 plus savings deposits, basically.

M3 is a refinement of M2. Again, the liquidity is less. M3 consists of M2 plus larger denomination institutional deposits in money market funds, for example.

Since the root source of inflation has been defined as the creation of dollars (increased supply, see “The Squeeze of ‘79”, op. cit.), it is to be marveled at that the M1, M2, and M3 statistics are rarely even mentioned in the various news outlets. When the talk is of inflation, there is an aura of “a complex and mysterious world.” (“The Squeeze of ‘79”, op. cit.) Inflation is not something magical that just happens. It has a root source.

Source(s):

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

2007—2010年马来西亚季度国内生产总值(GDP)数据

2011-02-21 15:47:47

马来西亚国家统计局2011年2月18日发布的四季度国内生产总值(GDP)数据显示:

2010年以来,马来西亚经济增速逐季回落,从一季度的10.1%,二季度的8.9%,三季度的5.3%,最终回落至四季度的4.8%。

初步估算,2010年四季度,按当年价格计算,国内生产总值为2035.06亿林吉特,同比增长9.5%。

按2000年可比价格计算,国内生产总值为1440.48亿林吉特,同比增长4.8%;国内生产总值平减指数为4.7%。

同时将三季度国内生产总值名义值修订为1931.46亿林吉特,同比名义增长率修订为10.5%;实际值修订为1419.24亿林吉特,同比实际增长率修订为5.3%。

按照季度平均汇率换算,2010年四季度马来西亚名义国内生产总值为653.51亿美元,较上年同季的569.94亿美元增长14.7%。

四季度,按2000年可比价格计算,从GDP生产角度看,农林渔业同比下降4.3%,采矿业下降1.3%,制造业增 长6.2%,建筑业增长5.6%,服务业增长6.2%;从GDP使用角度看,居民消费增长6.5%,政府消费下降0.3%,固定资本形成增长9.2%,货 物和服务出口增长1.5%,货物和服务进口增长3.3%。

2007—2010年马来西亚季度国内生产总值(GDP)数据 - 纳兰容若 - 纳兰容若的博客

Tuesday, June 28, 2011

马来西亚国家资料

http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?lang=en

http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=111&eId=box2

马来西亚人口 2011 年 = 2855万

马来西亚GDP 2010 年 = 2378亿 美金

马来西亚外汇储备截至 15 June 2011

4026 亿马币 = 1332 亿美金

包括以下项目

International Reserves (with Main Components)
2011-06-15 2011-06-15
USD billion
Total Gross International Reserves 133.2
Foreign Currency Reserves 119.9
IMF Reserve Position 0.8
SDRs 2.0
Gold 1.7
Other Reserve Assets 8.8


Ref No: 06/11/05

Embargo: Not for publication or broadcast before 1800 hours on Wednesday, 22 June 2011

International Reserves of BNM as at 15 June 2011

The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia amounted to RM402.6 billion (equivalent to USD133.2 billion) as at 15 June 2011. The reserves position is sufficient to finance 9.5 months of retained imports and is 4.4 times the short-term external debt.


See also: BNM Statement of Assets & Liabilities as at 15 June 2011

Bank Negara Malaysia
22 June 2011

© Bank Negara Malaysia, 2011. All rights reserved.

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

明年初發行新系列錢幣‧20令吉鈔票再推出

大馬財經

2011-05-24 08:22

(吉隆坡23日訊)國家銀行宣佈,將在明年初發行一系列新設計的鈔票和硬幣,包括重新推出面額20令吉的鈔票。

國家銀行今日在文告中指出,新鈔和硬幣的設計包括展現大馬獨特的面貌;同時,國家銀行將採用先進的技術,加強其安全元素。

國家銀行即將推出的第四系列新設計鈔票的面額是1令吉、5令吉、10令吉、20令吉,以及100令吉。

現有的50令吉鈔票是在2007年12月為紀念大馬獨立50週年而發行,它將會繼續流通。

新設計的硬幣屬於第三系列,分別是5仙、10仙、20仙和50仙。

“新系列鈔票和硬幣將與現有的錢幣一齊流通,直到現有的錢幣逐步被撤回為止。”

文告指出,國家銀行每12年就會推出新系列鈔票及硬幣。

為了提高民眾對新系列鈔票和硬幣的意識,國家銀行將在今年第三季發行第三系列硬幣的紀念幣,同時公佈第四系列鈔票的設計。
星洲日報‧2011.05.24

Sunday, May 15, 2011

亞洲十一個經濟體中過去三個月的通胀平均值


Morgan Stanley 做過統計,以過去三個月平均值為準,亞洲十一個經濟體中,
脹率最高的是越南,達14.6%;最低的是台灣,只有1.3%。香港通脹率三個月平均值4%,內地則為5.1%.
马来西亚排第二低 = 2.8%

Thursday, May 5, 2011

Monetary Policy Statement

http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=8&pg=14&ac=2253

Thursday, 5 May 2011

At the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting today, Bank Negara Malaysia decided to raise the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) by 25 basis points to 3.00 percent. The floor and ceiling rates of the corridor for the OPR are correspondingly raised to 2.75 percent and 3.25 percent respectively.

The global economic recovery has continued in the first quarter of the year, but the growth has been highly uneven across regions. Growth in the advanced economies during this period has remained modest. In the region, despite some moderation, the growth has remained strong, supported by robust domestic economic activity. Global inflation has, however, increased on account of rising energy and commodity prices. In several countries, further upward pressure on inflation has been exerted by domestic demand conditions. Although the global recovery is expected to continue going forward, downside risks have increased, arising from the potential for higher energy and commodity prices, possible supply disruptions following developments in Japan, and the heightened volatility in capital flows to emerging economies.

In the domestic economy, the latest indicators point towards the continued strengthening of private investment and sustained private consumption expenditure in the first quarter. The export performance also improved, supported by regional demand. Going forward, the assessment is for the Malaysian economy to remain firmly on a steady growth path, with growth improving gradually during the course of the year. Growth will be underpinned by the firm expansion of domestic demand. Sustained employment conditions and income growth is expected to provide support to private consumption, while private investment is projected to strengthen amidst the improved investment environment. The developments in Japan are expected to have a limited impact on the overall domestic economy. Positive prospects for the region and strong demand for commodities are expected to continue to support the Malaysian economy.

Domestic headline inflation has continued to increase, rising to 3% in March to average 2.8% for the first quarter of 2011. The increase was mainly due to higher food and fuel prices. The assessment is that supply factors will continue to be a key determinant affecting consumer prices. Global commodity and energy prices are projected to remain elevated during the year, with inflation in major trading partners also expected to rise further. There are also some signs that domestic demand factors could exert upward pressure on prices in the second half of the year.

With the economy firmly on a steady growth path, the MPC decided to adjust the degree of monetary accommodation. At the current OPR level, the stance of monetary policy remains supportive of growth. The future stance of monetary policy will depend on the assessment of the risk to growth and inflation prospects.

Bank Negara Malaysia
5 May 2011

© Bank Negara Malaysia, 2011. All rights reserved.

低头默哀。。。。

Thursday, November 11, 2010

Monday, September 6, 2010

房貸上限下月或減至80%

大馬財經 即時新聞 2010-09-04 18:05


(吉隆坡4日訊)根據銀行界消息透露,國家銀行將在下個月執行減低銀行房屋貸款至80%的政策。

大多數銀行同意下調

據悉,金融機構已在上週回覆國家銀行的詢問,大多數銀行已同意下調貸款,主要是相信不會影響貸款成長。

消息指出,銀行本身也想要抑制房貸,加上許多銀行內部也已執行類似限制,相信上述計劃能有效執行,並成為國內銀行的執行標準。

目前,國內銀行並沒有統一房屋貸款,惟大多數銀行都容許貸款者房貸上限達90%。

不過,上述政策已引來市場部份產業發展商不滿,認為不應該強制推行在所有產業,並計劃向有關當局反映憂慮。

應根據產業數量價值判斷

同時,另一消息來源指出,一些銀行也認為不應向所有產業統一執行,而應根據貸款人購買產業的數量與價值判斷借貸。

“其中,銀行認為對於首次購買40萬以下產業者不應有限制,可保留借貸上限90%。至於50萬以上產業則可借貸上限85%。”

消息指出,由於大馬購屋者仍比新加坡偏低,若再調低借貸上限,可能抑制產業市場發展,尤其是一些低檔產業與第一次購買者。

“另外,低於50萬令吉產業仍是銀行主要房貸來源,這可能影響銀行盈利。”

星洲互動‧2010.09.04

http://www.sinchew-i.com/node/170694?tid=27

Friday, July 9, 2010

Malaysia Base Lending Rate (BLR)

Latest BLR 6.30% adjust soon (8th July 2010)

Year BLR (%) Remark
2010 6.05 Adjusted May 2010

2010

5.80 Adjusted March 2010
2009 5.55

2008 6.75 Adjusted March 2009
2007 6.75

2006 6.00

2005 6.00

2004 6.00

2003 6.50

2002 6.50

2001 6.75

2000 6.75

The Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) from Bank Negara Malaysia is reference for banks in BLR adjustments, but there might differ from bank to others bank. At the global money market down turn, BLR will get lower and if the money market on uptrend, it will correlation upward. It is wisely and timely to consider take up mortgage loan and start to own your property at the lower BLR as current.

From the record, it shows that the highest BLR Malaysia ever has is 12.27% in year 1998 and the lowest BLR is 5.55% in year 2009. The average is 8.1%. Probably you can use this to justify whether it is better to take the fixed rate loan or floating mortgage loan (BLR +/- x% ). Below table shows the Malaysia Base Lending Rate (BLR) record from year 1989 to year 2010.



如果有一天,贷款利率升到当年酱 9% - 12%
FD 利率到 6% 多,会变成怎样的世界 ?
富人炒楼,穷人挡灾。

Thursday, July 8, 2010

Update Bank Negara ups OPR by 25bps to 2.75%

http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/highlights/169532-flash-bank-negara-ups-opr-by-25bps-to-275.html

Written by Joseph Chin
Thursday, 08 July 2010 18:11

KUALA LUMPUR: Bank Negara raised the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) by 25 basis points to 2.75% at the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting on Thursday, July 8.

"The floor and ceiling rates of the corridor for the OPR are correspondingly raised to 2.50% and 3% respectively," it said.

The central bank said the MPC considered the new level of the OPR to be appropriate and consistent with the current assessment of the growth and inflation prospects.

It also said the stance of monetary policy continues to remain accommodative and supportive of economic growth.

On the domestic economy, it said recent trends in industrial production, financing activity, labour market conditions and external trade indicate that economic activity has remained robust in the second quarter.

"Going forward, while external developments may result in some moderation in the pace of growth, the domestic economy is expected to remain strong with continued improvements in private consumption and investment, and augmented by public investment spending," it said.

Domestic inflation recorded modest increases in April and May, mostly on account of supply factors.

Bank Negara said prices were expected to rise at a gradual pace in the coming months, in line with the continued improvement in domestic economic conditions, and taking into account possible adjustments in administered prices.

"Overall, inflation is, however, expected to remain moderate going into 2011," it said.

Tuesday, March 9, 2010

退场时机未到储备金按兵不动 升息是金融平衡发展最佳手段

http://www.merdekareview.com/news/n/12546.html

作者/本刊梁志华 Mar 09, 2010 01:28:51 pm

国行升息(下)

【本刊梁志华撰述】有关国行的货币政策,国行在文告中已经强调,货币政策核心仍然在支持经济成长上。这意味着,货币政策的调整,必须是在货币正常化和维持经济复苏或成长之间,保持平衡点。
从 本质上来看,隔夜拆息利率主要影响基准贷款利率(BLR)和存款利率(Deposit rate)的走势,对货币供应和银行游资的影响属于间接性质。而法定储备金是国行强制规定国内银行机构,必须把一定比率的资金存放在国行内的法定储备户口 (零利息),对货币供应和银行游资起着直接影响。
在这个课题上,隔夜拆息利率显然是同时达到货币正常化和 维持经济复苏的最佳手段。自1997/98金融风暴后的近十年来,隔夜利率平均介于2.5%至2.8%的水平,大致上可以视为是正常利率水平。即使隔夜利 率目前从2%上调至2.25%,似乎还是偏离正常水平。以隔夜利率过去10年的平均水平来看,国行其实还有至少0.25%至0.55%的上调空间。
这意味着,目前向本地银行借贷的成本,其实有偏低的情况。因此,只要国行进行适度调整(估计整体可调整幅度介于0.5%-0.8%),而不是大幅度调升利率,并不会对国内信贷活动或经济活动造成负面影响。
适度调整利率影响甚小
此外,在一个低通货膨胀和低利率的国度里,比方说马来西亚,适度的利率调整政策(向上或向下调整),对内需或国内消费或投资支出的实际影响,其实并不太显著。这是因为负实质利率(Negative Real Interest rate)所产生的效应相当有限。
比方说,马来西亚的隔夜利率自1997/98金融风暴后的10年平均水平为2.5%-2.8%之间(假设我们把它当作名目利率(Nominal interest rate)),比较通货膨胀在同一时期的2.5%平均水平,实质利率介于0%-0.3%。
假 设发生经济衰退危机,国行把名目利率下调1.5%,在通货膨胀短期不变下,实质利率将从0%-0.3%,变成-1.2%至-1.5%。基于负实质利率的幅 度太小,加上经济与就业前景暗淡,人们趋向谨慎消费,而银行也谨慎放贷,对刺激信贷活动的影响程度非常小。而且,随着通胀在稍后将变成通缩,实质利率很快 回到正数,对刺激国内消费并没有带来太大的动力。
实际上,国行在2008年11月至2009年2月之间, 将隔夜利率从3.5%调降至2%,或相当于1.5%的降幅,对国内银行的新增贷款活动,并没有带来显著的刺激作用。根据国行的资料显示,国内银行在 2009年1月至7月的新增贷款批准和发放,分别萎缩8.4%和2.4%。此外,新贷款申请在09年1月至7月之间则只增长5.7%,远远低于2008年 同一时期的26.8%强劲成长。
因此,如果国行只是适度把利率调整回2.5%-2.8%的正常水平,基本 上对银行信贷活动或实际经济/商业活动(一般属于中长期),不会带来负面的冲击。相对地,利率上调(即使幅度不高),对遏止非生产性的投机活动如股票融资 或房地产投机(一般趋向短期性活动),可以产生阻遏的作用。这基本上实现了国行的目标,即在不影响国内经济复苏或成长的情况下,让利率正常化,以避免金融 不平衡的发生。
当然,如果国行大幅度调整利率,则将出现反效果。比方说国行把利率上调5%,负实质利率效应将非常显著,人们会趋向于把钱放在银行而不愿消费。同时,商家与个人也会因为贷款成本的飙升,而不愿意参与借贷活动。
上调法定储备金冲击经济复苏
换 一个角度,如果国行调整法定储备金,结果又将如何呢?答案是提高法定储备金在一定程度上,可以直接限制金融不平衡的发展空间(即减少银行体系内的过剩游 资),但是,却无法遏制金融不平衡继续滋生(低利率环境是资产泡沫的温床),同时也将对正在复苏中的经济,造成严重的负面冲击。
基 本上,国行提高法定储备金,将直接削弱银行的放贷能力。这是因为银行必须把更多的资金存放在国行的法定储备户口内,导致银行手中可以放贷的资金变少了。换 言之,调高法定储备金等同于是收回流放在银行领域内的游资,直接减少银行贷款活动,无论是中长期的实际经济/商业活动,或者短期性的投机活动,都将受到限 制。
这意味着,即使商家或者个人有贷款的意愿,而银行也愿意发放贷款,但是却因为国行收回银行体系内的可放贷资金,而面对国内银行信贷供应不足的困境。这无疑将扼杀经济复苏的力度。
当 初国行把法定储备金从2008年11月的4%,调降至2009年2月的1%,目的就是为了确保国内经济拥有充足的游资,并通过鼓励银行积极放贷,以及配合 政府成立的信贷担保基金,如中小型企业贷款担保基金,来解决商家企业的融资问题。如果国行在经济刚复苏之际,就调高法定储备金,等于是经济自杀行为。
启动退场机制时机未到
总 结来说,在全球经济仍未完全复苏前,尤其是欧美国家经济成长料将趋缓之际,外围需求依然脆弱,出口市场回到正轨还需要一段时间。因此,马来西亚必须依靠国 内经济来支撑成长。纳吉政府放眼在今年取得5-6%的成长,就必须依赖财政刺激配套,适度的货币宽松政策,以及国内私人消费与投资的支撑。这意味着,马来 西亚目前还不是启动退场机制的时机。
此外,我国目前也没有面对资产泡沫破裂的威胁,因此,并不急于需要像中国一样,采取货币紧缩政策。从过去的经验来看,只有在银行贷款成长与国内生产总值的增长之间,出现非常大的差距下(或等于资产泡沫的出现),国行才会启动货币紧缩政策。
比 方说,在97年金融风暴前,国内银行贷款成长幅度飙升至最高30%以上的水平,显著超越国内生产总值( GDP)在当时平均9%-10%的增幅,显示国内出现明显的资产泡沫化,国行把法定储备金从9.5%提高至13.5%来遏制资产泡沫继续膨胀。此外,当银 行贷款成长在2005年飙升至25%以上的水平,远远超越当时的经济成长时,国行将隔夜利率从2.7%的正常水平上调至3.5%,来压制泡沫的成形。
可 以预期,国行在接下来的货币政策委员会会议中,仍将以利率正常化为主要目标,以循序渐进的方式,逐步上调隔夜利率,直到利率回到所谓的正常水平为止。按过 去10年平均2.5%-2.8%的水平来看,这可被视为是国行理想的正常水平。这也就是说,国行至少还有0.25%至0.55%的上调空间。
至于法定储备金,国行很有可能暂时维持在目前1%的水平,以确保国内游资充裕,足以满足企业商家或个人对信贷融资的需求,并继续支撑国内经济活动的扩张。只有在我国经济已确定回到正轨,同时,国内信贷活动大幅增长,并可能引发潜在资产泡沫风险时,国行才会上调法定储备金。

银行体系游资过剩暗藏风险 低息环境孕育资产泡沫温床

http://www.merdekareview.com/news/n/12538.html

作者/本刊梁志华 Mar 08, 2010 08:46:50 pm

国行升息(上)

【本刊梁志华撰述】国 家银行在上周四正式启动货币正常化政策,宣布上调隔夜拆息利率(OPR)25个基点,从原本的2%提高至2.25%,基本上符合市场与那些看好升息的经济 学家的预测。在这之前,分析师与经济学家对于国家银行的货币政策委员会(Monetary Policy Committee)将做出怎样的决定,存在一些分歧。

当 中,预测国行会升息的占当中大多数,而一些则认为国行可能上调法定储备金(SRR),甚至不排除国行会双管齐下,同时调整利率与法定储备金。国行在 2008年12月至2009年2月之间,同一时候大幅度下调隔夜拆息利率(从3.5%下调至2%)与法定储备金(从4%调降至1%),以挽救国内经济,并 抵消经济危机所造成的冲击。
基于中国与印度央行优先选择调整法定储备金,而不是基准利率;同时,美国联储 局选择上调贴现率(Discount rate),而不是联邦基金利率(Fed Fund rate),曾让市场一度揣测,国行可能跟随这些央行的脚步,调整法定储备金。不过,随着国行在周四选择上调隔夜拆息利率,让法定储备金维持现状后,让这 个说法不攻自破。
上调利率是货币正常化
为何国行选择调整隔夜利率,而不调整法定储备金呢?首先,我们必须了解到,问题的关键不在于银行体系内存在过剩游资,而是这些过剩游资流向何处,或者说是资金的用途。而调整隔夜利率或法定储备金,对银行体系内的游资将产生不同的效果。
基本上,国行在文告中已经说得非常清楚,这一次货币政策的调整,主要目的是为了让货币政策正常化(Monetary Normalizing process),并且防止长期维持超低利率,可能引发的金融失衡,对经济复苏脚步造成威胁。
简单而言,国行调息只是为了让利率回到正常水平,并不是启动退场机制,也不是为了压制经济过热或资产泡沫。这个利率正常水平既不会太低,以致最终可能引发金融失衡(如资产泡沫或热钱窜流);同时也不会太高,以致经济复苏受挫。
国行总裁洁蒂(Zeti Akhtar Aziz,左图)在较早前指出,尽管我国目前没有面对资产泡沫问题,房屋贷款也没有出现过度杠杆的情况,但还是存在其他金融不平衡的风险。
因此,国行有必要检讨让利率回到正常水平。她表示,如果长时间维持低利率,这可能促使人们跳出正规的金融系统,在不自觉的情况下去冒更大的风险,以加强他们的储蓄回酬。这可能在之后将衍生出很多问题。国行必须采取必要的预防措施,以便在问题发生之前遏制它。
金融不平衡的潜在威胁
从洁蒂的言论中可以看出,国行所担忧的是,当利率长期处于超低水平下,银行体系内的大量过剩游资将被导向不具实际生产力的“虚”经济领域,包括股市、原产品期货,以及房地产市场,从而引发资产泡沫的风险。
随着经济回到复苏轨道,通货膨胀开始抬头。衡量通膨的消费价格指数(CPI)在去年12月份摆脱通货紧缩的格局,写下1.1%的正数成长,并在今年1月份进一步走高至1.3%的水平。基于经济持续改善,加上统制价格可能调整的情况下,国家银行预期,物价在今年将逐步走高。
在 通货膨胀看涨,但是名目利率(Nominal interest rate)维持不变的情况下,这将促使实质利率(Real Interest rate)逐步收窄。这意味着,如果银行定期存款的利息继续长时间停留在超低水平不变,很快就会被通货膨胀给追上,最终可能回到2008年上半年之前的情 况,即实质利率或存款利息回酬变成负数。
按照官方的预测,我国今年的通膨将介于1-2%,经济学家则预期通膨可达 2-3%。以定期存款目前2-2.5%的利息来计算,即使实质利率没有变成负数,也可能低于1%。这样的环境将鼓励银行存户把储蓄从银行转移到更高回酬的 资产投资上,包括股市、原产品期货/衍生产品,以及房地产市场。
银行体系大量闲置存款蠢蠢欲动
另一方面,亚洲与其他新兴经济体的强劲复苏,吸引全球资金(尤其是热钱)从经济成长前景欠佳的发达国家,大量涌入亚洲与其他新兴市场,在股市、原产品期货,以及房地产市场塑造一个非理性的荣景。
亚洲股市在2009年至少写下50%的涨幅,原产品如石油、黄金、白糖等再度飙升,中国、韩国、新加坡以及香港等的高档房地产市场出现资产泡沫的迹象,一再反映出这个事实。面对如此大的诱惑,很少人会愿意把钱继续存放在几乎看不到回酬的定期存款。
实 际上,银行体系内的存款在去年大幅增加。去年12月份的《货币与金融发展》报告中的数据显示,银行存款在去年第四季平均以每月9.6%的速度增长。其 中,11月份与12月份的银行存款总额分别增加了马币254亿元(+10.6%)与198亿元(+9.3%),主要来自个人、非金融机构,以及银行。
此 外,今年1月份的《货币与金融发展》报告则显示,银行体系内的个人存款在去年12月与今年1月分别增加53亿4000万元与32亿5000万元。如果国行 无法妥善处理这庞大的银行存款,难保这些钱最终不会流出银行体系,导向更高回酬的资产投资,包括股市、原产品市场以及房地产市场。
股票与房地产借贷活动升温
另一方面,随着经济稳健复苏,人们的信心逐步加强,风险胃口也开始扩大。除了动用本身的储蓄,人们甚至愿意通过向银行借贷,来投资在高风险高回酬的资产上,包括股市与房地产市场。
国 行公布的1月份的《货币与金融发展》报告显示,个人家庭的贷款在去年12月与今年1月分别扩张9.8%与10.4%,主要集中在购买证券与汽车。此外,财 政部估值与房地产服务部的资料也显示,房地产市场在去年下半年出现改善迹象,与上半年比较,成交量增加了15-16%。
再 加上低廉借贷成本(低利率)环境,更有利于刺激股市与房地产市场的买气。美国在这轮金融风暴前,就因为维持超低利率,促成美国房地产市场与衍生产品市场, 在过去数年进入繁荣期。不过,也正是因为美国长时间维持低利率环境,导致房地产与衍生产品市场形成泡沫,最终在泡沫破裂后,引发了这轮金融风暴。
同 时,银行体系内的游资非常充裕,截至去年第三季,银行体系内的过剩资金达560亿元。在房地产需求旺盛下,这也将鼓励银行把贷款导向房地产市场。如果再加 上股市大涨,将进一步加速房地产市场泡沫的形成,因为人们在股市赚到钱后,很多时候会把钱投入有形资产,尤其是房地产市场中。
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通货膨胀才 1-2% meh,有这么少??

Thursday, March 4, 2010

囯行真的升息鳥

Ref No: 03/10/02

Embargo: Not for publication or broadcast before 1800 hours on Thursday, 4 March 2010

Monetary Policy Statement

At the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting today, Bank Negara Malaysia decided to raise the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) to 2.25 percent. The floor and ceiling rates of the corridor for the OPR are correspondingly raised to 2 percent and 2.50 percent respectively.

The recovery in the global economy is progressing amidst continued policy support and improvements in financial conditions. Economic activity in the advanced economies has improved although growth is expected to remain modest. Emerging economies, however, are recording a stronger recovery. In particular, regional economies expanded strongly in the fourth quarter of 2009 and the growth momentum is expected to be sustained.

In the domestic economy, the stronger growth performance in the fourth quarter of 2009 affirms that the economic recovery is firmly established. Going forward, growth is expected to strengthen further, supported by domestic demand and continued improvement in external demand, particularly from the regional economies.

Prices will gradually increase during the year, reflecting the prevailing economic conditions and taking into account possible adjustments in administered prices. While external factors, including rising global commodity and food prices, may exert some additional upward pressure on domestic prices, inflation is expected to remain moderate in 2010.

The OPR was reduced to historic lows in early 2009 as a key measure to avert a severe and fundamental economic downturn. These conditions no longer prevail. The domestic economy has since improved significantly and is now on a path of recovery. Given this improved economic outlook, the MPC decided to adjust the OPR towards normalising monetary conditions and preventing the risk of financial imbalances that could undermine the economic recovery process. At the new level of the OPR, the stance of monetary policy continues to remain accommodative and supportive of economic growth.

Bank Negara Malaysia
4 March 2010

© Bank Negara Malaysia, 2010. All rights reserved.

4 March 2010

真的起料,0.25%
呜呜呜

Monday, February 1, 2010

Bank Negara Malaysia Calendar of Events


跑去 bank negara 网站逛了一下,发现原来有一推经济数据可以参考,可惜我才疏学浅很多看不懂

红色部分为国行议息会议时间表:

5 Feb 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 29 Jan 2010
14 Feb 2010 Chinese New Year
15 Feb 2010 Chinese New Year
16 Feb 2010 Chinese New Year Holiday
19 Feb 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Feb 2010
24 Feb 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin January 2010
25 Feb 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end January 2010
26 Feb 2010 Release of 4th Quarter 2009 GDP (Not Later Than)
26 Feb 2010 Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (Maulidur Rasul)
4 Mar 2010 Release of Monetary Policy Statement 2/2010
5 Mar 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 26 Feb 2010
19 Mar 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Mac 2010
31 Mar 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end February 2010
31 Mar 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin February 2010
7 Apr 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 31 Mac 2010
22 Apr 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Apr 2010
30 Apr 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end March 2010
30 Apr 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin March 2010
1 May 2010 Labour Day
7 May 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 30 Apr 2010
13 May 2010 Release of Monetary Policy Statement 3/2010
21 May 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 14 May 2010
21 May 2010 Release of 1st Quarter 2010 GDP (Not Later Than)
27 May 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end April 2010
28 May 2010 Wesak Day
31 May 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin April 2010
5 Jun 2010 Birthday of His Majesty, the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong
7 Jun 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 31 May 2010
22 Jun 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Jun 2010
30 Jun 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end May 2010
30 Jun 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin May 2010
7 Jul 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 30 Jun 2010
8 Jul 2010 Release of Monetary Policy Statement 4/2010
22 Jul 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Jul 2010
30 Jul 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end June 2010
30 Jul 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin June 2010
6 Aug 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 30 Jul 2010
20 Aug 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Aug 2010
20 Aug 2010 Release of 2nd Quarter 2010 GDP (Not Later Than)
27 Aug 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin July 2010
30 Aug 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end July 2010
31 Aug 2010 National Day
2 Sep 2010 Release of Monetary Policy Statement 5/2010
6 Sep 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 31 Aug 2010
10 Sep 2010 Aidil Fitri
11 Sep 2010 Aidil Fitri
16 Sep 2010 Malaysia Day
22 Sep 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Sep 2010
30 Sep 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end August 2010
30 Sep 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin August 2010
7 Oct 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 30 Sep 2010
22 Oct 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Oct 2010
29 Oct 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end September 2010
29 Oct 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin September 2010
4 Nov 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 29 Oct 2010
5 Nov 2010 Deepavali
12 Nov 2010 Release of Monetary Policy Statement 6/2010
17 Nov 2010 Aidil Adha
19 Nov 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Nov 2010
19 Nov 2010 Release of 3rd Quarter 2010 GDP (Not Later Than)
30 Nov 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end October 2010
30 Nov 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin October 2010
6 Dec 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 30 Nov 2010
7 Dec 2010 Islamic New Year 1432H
22 Dec 2010 Release of BNM Statement of Accounts as at 15 Dec 2010
25 Dec 2010 Christmas Day
30 Dec 2010 Release of Monthly Statistical Bulletin November 2010
31 Dec 2010 Release of Detailed Disclosure of International Reserves as at end November 2010